What Are Hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids are sponge-like structures located in the anal region, filled with blood. They play a crucial role in ensuring continence and proper closure of the anal opening. Although they are a normal anatomical component, under certain conditions, they can lead to health problems.
What Is Hemorrhoidal Disease?
Hemorrhoidal disease occurs when the hemorrhoids become enlarged and begin to cause discomfort. The cushions prolapse and, in some cases, protrude from the anal canal, thereby losing their function.
Risk Factors for Hemorrhoidal Disease
- Lifestyle and Diet: Poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, and lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of hemorrhoids.
- Genetics: A family history of the condition increases the risk.
- Prolonged Sitting and Pregnancy: Long periods of sitting and pregnancy are significant contributing factors.
- Liver Cirrhosis: Patients with cirrhosis are more prone to hemorrhoidal issues.
Symptoms of Hemorrhoidal Disease
- Presence of bright red blood on toilet paper or in the stool
- Itching and pain in the anal area
- Prolapsed hemorrhoids
Diagnosing Hemorrhoidal Disease
A proctological examination with anoscopy is essential for accurate diagnosis. It’s also important to rule out other causes of rectal bleeding, such as colon tumors.
Conservative Treatment Methods
Lifestyle and dietary changes are key in conservative management:
- Maintaining hygiene with water and mild soap
- High-fiber and high-fluid intake
- Use of laxatives and flavonoid supplements
When Is Surgical Intervention Necessary?
If conservative methods fail or the patient experiences severe bleeding episodes, surgery becomes necessary.
Surgical Treatment of Hemorrhoids
- Milligan-Morgan and Ferguson Techniques
These conventional procedures are proven effective but are often associated with postoperative pain. - THD (Transanal Hemorrhoidal Dearterialization) Method
This minimally invasive technique treats hemorrhoids without removing the mucosa. It uses an ultrasound Doppler probe to accurately locate and ligate blood vessels.
THD Method: A Modern Approach
THD is the most advanced method for treating hemorrhoidal disease. Using Doppler-guided technology, it identifies the arteries feeding the hemorrhoids and reduces their size without incisions or tissue removal.
Trilogy System: Innovation in Hemorrhoid Treatment
The Trilogy system employs advanced technology to precisely ligate the blood vessels supplying enlarged hemorrhoids. It is primarily used for treating stage IV hemorrhoids and allows for optimal visualization of the anal canal.
